CGWA Compliance under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

A Groundwater No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) is required for industries, infrastructure projects, mining activities, and commercial units that extract groundwater in India. The CGWA regulates groundwater use to prevent over- extraction and depletion.

Applicability of Groundwater NOC

Exemptions

Frequent asked Questions (FAQs)

CGWA is a statutory body under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, responsible for regulating and managing groundwater extraction to prevent over-exploitation and ensure sustainable use.

Section 3(3) empowers CGWA to:
  • Regulate and control groundwater extraction
  • Grant or reject permits for groundwater use
  • Issue directions to industries, commercial units, and infrastructure projects for groundwater management

Industries, infrastructure projects, mining companies, and commercial establishments in Notified and Over-exploited Areas must obtain permission before extracting groundwater.

Entities must apply through the CGWA NOCAP portal, submitting:
  • Water requirement details
  • Rainwater harvesting and recharge plans
  • Consent from the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)

  • Installation of water flow meters
  • Adoption of rainwater harvesting and recharge measures
  • Submission of groundwater extraction reports
  • Payment of groundwater abstraction charges (if applicable)

  • Closure of borewells and sealing of extraction facilities
  • Fines under the Environment Protection Act, 1986
  • Legal action and environmental compensation charges

Yes, exemptions apply to:
  • Individual domestic users
  • Farmers using groundwater for agriculture
  • Government water supply schemes

A CGWA NOC is generally valid for 2-5 years, depending on the category of the area and type of use. Renewal applications must be submitted before expiry.

Entities must:
  • Submit annual groundwater usage reports
  • Ensure compliance with recharge and conservation commitments
  • Maintain records of water meters and recharge structures

  • 2020 Amendment: Stricter norms for industries in over-exploited areas
  • 2022 Update: Mandatory water conservation fees for commercial extraction
  • 2023 Revision: Digital monitoring of groundwater withdrawal and recharge compliance
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